The populist fascist and the organic intellectual

From the constitutional proto-socialism of Weimar to the Résistance constitution

Abstract

The constitutional experiences of the last century contain a core of social rights that characterize the two great post-war constitutions (Weimar 1919, Italian 1946-1948), but also the constitution of the post-fascist social republic of 1943 and in general the theory of the fascist organic state. By criticizing the imperfections of Weimarist proto-socialism and the ambiguities of fascist populism, as proposed by German researchers and the Frankfurt School, this essay attempts to reposition the Gramscian interpretation of the state as essentially authoritarian and fundamentally totalitarian (which is fascism). In favor of an organic vision of a new ethical and political totality which is precisely the revolution (which, in the case of Gramsci and the Italian liberation war, is the Resistance).